Synthesis and receptor properties of calix[4]pyrroles

Published data about the synthesis and complexing properties of calix[4]pyrroles towards anions, ion pairs and neutral molecules of various nature are analyzed, summarized and classified. Synthetic approaches to the parent macrocycles and methods of their functionalization are presented. General principles, mechanisms and driving forces of the formation of calix[4]pyrrole-based supramolecular complexes are disscussed. Most attention is concentrated on the factors providing effective control of the formation of such structure.The bibliography includes 79 references.