Renal Disorders and Maxillofacial Surgery

The kidneys are designed to perform several essential physiologic functions. Renal dysfunction in any form results in significant systemic manifestations in the human body. Patient with kidney dysfunction undergoing any surgical procedure presents unique challenges. Proper understanding of basic pathophysiology of renal disease, appropriate clinical evaluation prior to the surgery, and proper monitoring and care during the intraoperative and postoperative period are integral to achieving good surgical outcomes. This chapter addresses the basic concepts that should guide a surgeon when dealing with a patient with abnormal kidney function. A multidisciplinary approach to care is recommended when managing a patient with any form of kidney dysfunction during the perioperative phase. This involves appropriate consultation with patient’s primary care provider, nephrologist, and pharmacist as indicated.