КОРРОЗИОННАЯ И КАВИТАЦИОННАЯ СТОЙКОСТЬ В МОРСКОЙ ВОДЕ ВЫСОКОПРОЧНЫХ АЗОТИСТЫХ ХРОМОНИКЕЛЬМАРГАНЦЕВЫХ АУСТЕНИТНЫХ СТАЛЕЙ

Corrosion and cavitation resistance in seawater of high-strength economically alloyed nitrogen chromium–nickel–manganese steels Cr19Mn10Ni6Mo2N and Cr19Mn10Ni6Mo2Cu2N is experimentally studied compared to chromium-nickel steels Cr18Ni9 and Cr18Ni9N. Tests for resistance to pitting corrosion were carried out according to the chemical method in the test solution 100 g/l FeCl3 ·6H2 O. Resistance to general corrosion was assessed by tests in synthetic seawater (3  %  NaCl). Test for cavitation resistance in seawater was performed using a research stand of high-intensity cavitation effects with the use of ultrasonic devices UIP 1000  hd Hielscher Ultrasonic in 3  %  NaCl solution in water at a frequency of 20 kHz, a power of 1000  W and amplitude of 25 microns for 8  –  36  hours. The extent of damage and change in the surface microhardness, change in the phase composition and mass of the samples were assessed after cavitation. It is shown that steels Cr19Mn10Ni6Mo2N and Cr19Mn10Ni6Mo2Cu2N are more susceptible to pitting in seawater and in solution of ferric chloride, and have the general corrosion rate lower than that of chromium-nickel steels type Cr18Ni9. It is shown that ultrasonic cavitation can not only lead to surface damage due to erosion, enhance local corrosion, but also to changes in their physico-mechanical properties by strain hardening and phase transformations. Steels Cr19Mn10Ni6Mo2N and Cr19Mn10Ni6Mo2Cu2N with thermally and mechanically stable austenite are more resistant to ultrasonic cavitation in the seawater in comparison with chromium-nickel steels, especially those with less strength and less resistant steel Cr18Ni9. So subjected to cavitation in the seawater for 36 hours, samples of chromium-nickel steels Cr18Ni9 and Cr18Ni9N had a significant change in their condition: significant damage (etching) and surface hardening, and there was formation of a small amount of martensite in steel Cr18Ni9. Samples of steels Cr19Mn10Ni6Mo2N and Cr19Mn10Ni6Mo2Cu2N had only minor changes in surface conditions and hardening of the surface layers.