Reference values of ECG parameters derived from 906 echocardiographically confirmed healthy Indian children: A population-based study from Gujarat

Abstract Introduction There are few published studies on reference ranges of ECG parameters in children; some ethnic differences have been described. Methods We studied digital 12‑lead ECGs (1000 samples/s) from 906 healthy rural Indian children (467 boys: 439 girls) aged 5–15 years. PR, QRS, and QT were measured using superimposed median beat. Age-wise normal limits (median, 2nd and 98th percentile) were defined. Results Heart rate decreased while PR interval and QRS duration increased with age. QTcB interval remained unchanged from 5 to 12 years and decreased thereafter due to QTcB shortening in boys but not in girls. “Juvenile T wave pattern” was seen in 95% of children aged 5–8 years in lead V1 and 55–60% in V2, V3; it decreased with age. RV dominance (R/S > 1) in lead V1 was seen in 13% at 5 years, 1% at 10 years and none at 14 years. Conclusion Reference ranges in Indian children are similar to those in other ethnic groups.