Diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata mediante espectroscopia de resonancia magnética endorectal

OBJECTIVES: The endorectal MR spectroscopic imaging (MRS) is a new imaging technique that allows a more accurate and reliable evaluation for the localization and staging of prostate cancer(PCa) than the sole morphological study offered by endorectal MR alone. The combination of endorectal MRI and MRS allows a simultaneous morphologic and metabolic study that improves the detection of PCa. Moreover, the technical improvements recently introduced in the spectroscopic study of the prostate have led to an increase of reliability in the detection of PCa. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present in this article the advantages this technique offers in the detection of PCa in patients at high risk, as well as in patients with progressive PSA rising and previous negative biopsies. It also seems to be useful in the study of biochemical recurrences of PSA in previously treated patients, and for the study of the central gland. We comment, as well, the chance to use this tool in the staging of PCa. Our group is actually working with MRS in the detection of PCa, in collaboration with AATRM (Agency of Evaluation of medical technology for medical research) and we present some recent results in the use of this technique. CONCLUSIONS: MRS is a non-invasive method that allows the detection of PCa in the peripheral gland with a greater reliability than endorectal MRI alone, in selectyed patients. It is also a good technique for the study of the central gland, in which the detection of PCa is difficult by morphological methods. So, RMS allows the evaluation of metabolic disorders in the whole prostatic gland and improves the overall accuracy in the detection of PCa, either in the central or peripheral gland.