Complications of venous insufficiency after neurotologic-skull base surgery

Objective: To characterize the incidence and complications resulting from venous insufficiency after neurotologic-skull base surgery. Study Design: Retrospective case review of >3,500 cases. Setting: Tertiary referral center, inpatient surgery. Patients: Six patients: four with complications related to chronic venous insufficiency and two with complications related to acute venous insufficiency. Intervention(s): Medical (steroids, acetazolamide, hyperventilation, mannitol) and surgical (lumboperitoneal shunt optic nerve decompression, embolectomy) interventions were undertaken. Main Outcome Measure(s): Chronic venous insufficiency: non-obstructive hydrocephalus manifested by headache, disequilibrium, and papilledema with resultant visual loss Acute venous insufficiency: acute nonobstructive hydrocephalus resulting in mental status abnormalities in the postoperative period. Conclusions: (1) Incidence of 1.5 per 1.000 cases. (2) Acute and chronic forms with different pathogenesis. (3) Acute form presents postoperatively with change in consciousness and herniation, and may proceed to death. (4) Chronic form presents months or years postoperatively with headache, disequilibrium, and visual changes from papilledema. (5) Occurs almost solely in patients with preoperative abnormalities of the venous collecting system. (6) Causes mental status changes postoperatively.