The examination of the three-dimensional actuator with pinning effect in bulk high-Tc superconductor

Three-dimensional superconducting actuator is proposed and experimentally proved in this paper. The authors proposed quadruply arranged hybrid magnets, which consist of permanent magnets and electromagnets, to realize the three-dimensional magnetic field gradient in the bulk. PC-controlled coil currents change the magnetic field and generate the forces toward arbitrarily directions. HTSC bulk is located at the center and cooled down in the field-cooling manner, which enables the flux pinning. The eight coils are excited to change the magnetic field gradient and the resultant stable point, and the three-dimensional drive of the superconductor becomes possible. The movements of the specimen are shown in the photographs, and the possibility of three-dimensional movements is proved.