Suppression of Estrogen-regulated Extracellular Tissue Plasminogen Activator Activity of MCF-7 Cells by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) suppresses the estrogen enhancement of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) by MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 17β-estradiol treatment of MCF-7 cells was previously shown to enhance t-PA secretion in a receptor-mediated process dependent on RNA and protein synthesis. The current studies demonstrate that treatment with TCDD, at a concentration as low as 10-11 m, reduces the 17β-estradiol-induced enhancement of t-PA secretion in these cells. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with TCDD alone does not alter t-PA activity nor was inhibition of t-PA activity observed when TCDD was added directly to the enzyme assay. Kinetic studies and the lack of inhibition following in vitro mixing of conditioned media from TCDD-treated and control 17β-estradiol stimulated MCF-7 cells argue against TCDD induction of a plasminogen activator inhibitor. The related polychlorinated dibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, while also active, is less potent that TCDD. Other polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls do not suppress 17β-estradiol induction of t-PA over the concentrations tested. These results are in agreement with the structure-activity relationships established using these compounds in other assay systems. Treatment with TCDD does not alter the number or affinity of 17β-estradiol receptors of MCF-7 cells. TCDD treatment does not suppress constitutive t-PA activity in the estrogen independent breast cancer line MDA-MB-231 nor the t-PA induced by 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in HeLa cells. These effects suggest that TCDD is not acting directly on expression of the t-PA genome. Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by TCDD, a cytochrome P-450 regulated metabolic enzyme for which TCDD is the most potent known inducer, was observed in MCF-7 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 or HeLa cells. A plausible mechanism for the anti-estrogenic activity of TCDD is based on the metabolic conversion of 17β-estradiol to less active derivatives by TCDD induced cytochrome P-450 metabolic enzymes.