Isolation and Anti-Leukemic Characterization ofExtracellular L-asparaginase From EndophyticBacterium, Brevibacterium sp. M-R21 Isolated Glycyrrhizaglabra Root
2020
Abstract: L-Asparaginase (L-ASPase) is known as a potent anti-cancer drug against L-Asparagineauxotroph tumor cells. In this study, an endophytic L-ASPase producing bacterium of the
genus Bervibacillus from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra was screened and characterized. After
purification of the enzyme by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and silica gel column
chromatography, anti-cancer studies were performed against MRC-5 (normal lung cells) and U937 cell
(leukemia cell line). Additionally, optimization fermentation was performed in terms of significant
variables screened from a one-factor-at-the-time (OFAT) approach. The interactions of different
experimental parameters were investigated using the response surface methodology (RSM) with the
central composite design (CCD) algorithm. Cytotoxicity study showed that the dose-dependent effect
of the L-ASPase at 100 IU/ml had a lethality of about 80% against leukemia cells. Therefore, the IC50
of the enzyme for leukemia cells was calculated to be approximately 33.54 IU/ml. Interestingly, the
cytotoxicity of L-ASPase against normal lung cells was only about 20% at L-ASPase activity of 60-100
IU/ml. Based on the quadratic model, the optimal fermentation conditions were predicted to be 2%
glucose, 2% NaCl, pH7, and incubation temperature 30 °C. Under these conditions, the highest enzyme
activity was 90 IU/ml, which had an efficiency of about 30% compared to non-optimized conditions.
The results showed that L-ASPase isolated from Brevibacterium sp. M-R21 with selective cytotoxicity
against the leukemia cell line may be a potential candidate as an anti-cancer drug after further study.
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