Factores de riesgo cardiovascular y calidad de vida en mujeres revascularizadas con stent coronarios

espanolIntroduccion: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular son responsables directos de la elevada mortalidad por enfermedad coronaria aterosclerotica en la mujer. Objetivo: Describir dichos factores, la evolucion clinica y la calidad de vida en las femi-nas tras realizarle angioplastia coronaria. Metodo: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en 62 mujeres revasculariza-das con angioplastia e implante de stent en el periodo de enero a junio de 2011. Se realizo seguimiento clinico durante 180 dias a traves de las consultas medicas. Resultados: La edad media fue de 52,8 anos y el factor de riesgo cardiovascular mas frecuente, la hipertension arterial (66,1 %), y la diabetes (24,2 %), el menos prevalen-te. La enfermedad coronaria aterosclerotica de un vaso fue la de mayor frecuencia (87,1 %) y la de tres vasos (1,6 %), la menos representada. En 75,8 % de los pacientes se utilizo un stent, solo uno requirio de tres. El 83,9 % de ellos valoraron su calidad de vida como buena, 14,5 % la consideraron aceptable y uno la estimo como pobre. En 93,5 % de los pacientes no se evidenciaron acontecimientos cardiovasculares durante el seguimiento clinico. La diabetes y la categoria calidad de vida pobre, mostraron una asociacion estadisticamente significativa con la extension de la enfermedad coronaria aterosclerotica, el numero de stents utilizados y los acontecimientos cardiovasculares. Conclusiones: Las mujeres con enfermedad coronaria aterosclerotica, revasculariza-das con stents coronarios, tienen una elevada frecuencia de factores de riesgo, una evolucion clinica favorable y un predominio de las percepciones positivas sobre su calidad de vida. EnglishIntroduction: Cardiovascular risk factors are directly responsible for the high mortality from atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in women. Objective: To describe these risk factors, the clinical course and quality of life in wo-men after coronary angioplasty. Method: A descriptive, longitudinal prospective study was conducted in women (n=62) who underwent revascularization with PTCA and stent implantation from January to June 2011. Clinical follow-up was performed for 180 days through medical con-sultations. Results: The mean age was 52.8 years and the most frequent cardiovascular risk fac-tor was hypertension (66.1 %); diabetes (24.2 %) was the least prevalent. One-vessel atherosclerotic coronary artery disease was the most common (87.1%), and three-vessel disease (1.6%) was the least frequent one. Only one stent was implanted in 75.8 % of patients, and only one patient required the implantation of three stents; 83.9% of patients expressed that their quality of life was good, 14.5 % considered it was acceptable and one patient estimated it was poor. During clinical follow-up, no cardiovascular events was reported in 93.5 % of patients. Diabetes and poor quality of life showed a statistically significant association with the extent of atherosclerotic co-ronary artery disease, the number of stents used and cardiovascular events. Conclusions: Women with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease who underwent revascularization with coronary stents show a high frequency of risk factors, and have a favorable clinical course with a prevalence of positive perceptions concerning their quality of life.