Role of the Meniscus in Cartilage Injury: Basic Science

Meniscal injuries are increasingly being recognized as significant musculoskeletal pathologies that often lead to detrimental effects on the long-term health of the knee joint. The menisci have several crucial functions for maintaining proper joint functioning, including load transmission, articular cartilage protection, and knee stability among others. Considering the importance of meniscal integrity for overall joint health, a complete understanding of the relevant anatomy, biology, and biomechanics of the menisci is necessary for the proper treatment of this critical structure. This chapter provides readers with insight into the (1) pertinent anatomy of the menisci with a focus on the anatomic root attachments; (2) microstructure and embryology of meniscal tissue; and (3) in vivo biomechanics and biomechanical properties of meniscal tissue.