Dye extravasation during radiography for branchial cleft sinus compromising airway in an infant

Branchial cleft anomalies are common congenital head and neck lesions in the pediatric population. Their close proximity to laryngeal structures may lead to airway complications during the diagnosis and management of the lesion. We present an unusual cause of airway compromise secondary to dye extravasation during an interventional radiology procedure for evaluation of a branchial cleft sinus. The diagnosis and treatment of branchial cleft anomalies are reviewed and options presented for the management of airway compromise related to interventions for these anomalies.