Modern methods for genetic improvement of Trifolium pratense.
2018
This review focuses on trends in genetic improvement of a
significant representative forage crop, Trifolium pratense (red
clover) classified taxonomically into the agronomically
outstanding family Fabaceae. Red clover breeding is aimed at
improving traits like persistency, resistance to biotic and
abiotic factors, forage yield and quality characteristics such
as protein quality and stability. Isoflavone content in forage
is important for cattle reproduction. Interspecific
hybridization of red clover with the related wild species T.
medium was used for the introgression of useful traits into red
clover. The breeding strategy for the new variety Pramedi
included hybrid plants with different DNA contents, repeated
backcrosses with red clover, followed by family selection. New
techniques of molecular genetics are becoming available to
breeders for transferring key and complex traits into improved
red clover varieties. Techniques such as marker-assisted
selection and candidate gene identification can increase the
speed and precision with which traits may be selected.
Comparative sequence data analyses helped to identify genes for
polyphenol oxidase enzymes and isoflavone synthase in red
clover useful for DNA genotyping of individuals and breeding of
improved high-quality red clover varieties.
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