Review on the Production of Medium and Small Chain Fatty Acids through Waste Valorization and CO2 Fixation

Abstract The developing approaches in the recovery of resources from biowastes for the production of renewable value-added products and fuels, using microbial cultures as bio-catalyst have now became promising aspect. In the path of anaerobic digestion, the microorganisms are assisting transformation of a complex organic feedstock/waste to biomass and biogas. This potentiality consequently leads to the production of intermediate precursors of renewable value-added products. Particularly, a set of anaerobic pathways in the fermentation process, yields small-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) via chain elongation pathways from waste valorization and CO2 fixation. This review focuses on the production of SCFA and MCFA from CO2, synthetic substrates and waste materials. Moreover, the review introduces metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for SCFAs/MCFAs production. Furtherly, concludes that future critical research might target towards progress this promising approach as a valorization of complex organic wastes.