Occurrence of Tomicobia seitneri (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Ropalophorus clavicornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Ips typographus adults (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Austria, Poland and France

The presence of hymenopteran parasitoids in adult Ips typographus was investigated in the years 2005 to 2010 in three different European countries (Austria, France and Poland). A total of 5,708 living adult beetles were dissected: 3,564 from Austria, 1,439 from Poland and 705 from France. Larvae of two parasitic Hymenoptera, Tomicobia seitneri and Ropalophorus clavicornis, were detected. Tomicobia seitneri was found in beetles from Austria, Poland and, for the first time, from France, and R. clavicornis was found only in Austria and Poland. No beetle was found infected by the two species simultaneously and there was no significant difference in parasitism between sexes in any of the two parasitoids. Parasitism rates for the two species were in general lower than 10%. However parasitism by T. seitneri reached 19.3% at a site in France and the highest parasitism by R. clavicornis was found at Polish sites, with up to 18.4% parasitism. The occurrence and prevalence of these two parasitic Hymenoptera are discussed with regard to the data in the literature.