Vitamin E–Coated and Heparin-Coated Dialyzer Membranes for Heparin-Free Hemodialysis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Crossover Trial

Background Hemodialysis requires effective anticoagulation to avoid blood circuit clotting. In patients at high risk for bleeding, several alternative methods have been developed. Study Design Multicenter, prospective, randomized, crossover study evaluating the noninferiority of vitamin E–coated compared with heparin-coated dialyzers in a 4-hour heparin-free hemodialysis strategy. Settings & Participants 32 adult long-term hemodialysis patients from 2 French hemodialysis units with well-functioning fistulas or double-lumen catheters. Intervention Patients were randomly allocated to a first period using either vitamin E– or heparin-coated dialyzers. After a washout period of 2 hemodialysis sessions, each patient was switched to the alternative dialyzer for a second period. Each study period started with 2 hemodialysis sessions with reduced heparin dose (50% and 25% of usual heparin dose, respectively, for sessions 1 and 2) followed by 2 heparin-free sessions. Outcomes The primary end point was the percentage of successful study periods, defined as no circuit-clotting event leading to premature interruption of any of the 4 dialysis sessions. Secondary end points included total number and cumulative duration of hemodialysis sessions without clotting, number of saline solution flushes, dialysis circuit bubble trap status and dialyzer membrane status by visual inspection, and dialysis adequacy. Results The percentage of success with vitamin E–coated dialyzers (25/32 study periods [78%]) was not inferior to that with heparin-coated dialyzers (26/32 study periods [81%]). Visual inspection showed equal numbers of clean dialysis circuit bubble traps (vitamin E–coated, 34/121; heparin-coated, 32/120), whereas clean fiber bundles were more frequently noted with the vitamin E–coated compared with heparin-coated dialyzers (25/121 vs 2/120; P =0.002). Limitations Results may not extrapolate to critically ill patients. Differences in dialyzer transparency may account for visual inspection scores. Conclusions The success rate of 4-hour heparin-free hemodialysis sessions is lower than that previously claimed in uncontrolled studies. Vitamin E–coated and heparin-coated dialyzers exposed patients to similar and unacceptable high failure rates. Further studies are required to improve heparin-free hemodialysis.