Utility of 3-D Seismic Attribute Analysis and VSP for Assessing Potential Carbon Sequestration Targets on the Rock Springs Uplift, Southwest Wyoming

One of the most important steps in characterizing a geologic CO2 storage site is the construction of 3-D volumes of seismic attributes. Once these seismic attribute volumes are constructed, key attributes can be correlated to core and well-log observations and analytical measurements. These correlations allow standardizations and extrapolations of a variety of determinative rock/fluid characteristics from the well bore of the stratigraphic test well out into the 3-D seismic survey volume, creating a realistic 3-D model of storage reservoirs and seals. This chapter discusses the technique for performing the tasks required to make the seismic attribute volumes; the correlations between key rock/fluid parameters and seismic attributes; and the crucial extrapolations from 1-D core, log, and VSP observations out into 3-D seismic attribute space. Topics covered include surface seismic specifications, seismic data processing, seismic resolution, vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and data acquisition, comparison of VSP and surface seismic data, comparision of VSP and well data (geologic property modeling), horizon mapping and depth conversion, seismic attributes, seismic interpretation, and qualitative permeability determined from seismic attribute analysis.