A second-order numerical scheme for integrating the endochronic plasticity equations

Abstract An efficient second-order numerical scheme is developed for integrating the endochronic plasticity equations of plastically incompressible solids, such as metals, for example. The numerical scheme is appropriate for use with finite element wave propagation codes based upon explicit time integration. Second-order accuracy is achieved by using Richardson extrapolation in connection with explicit integration of the governing equations. It is shown that Richardson extrapolation leads to more than an order of magnitude increase in computing speed over the usual approach, for comparable accuracy.