Imaging the proton

We illustrate the need and the advantages of a multi-dimensional exploration of the structure of the nucleon, and in general of hadrons. We introduce new appropriate tools like the Transverse Momentum Distributions (TMDs), which enable us to explore in momentum space the dynamics of partons beyond the usual collinear approximation adopted in the QCD analysis of hard processes. We briefly touch upon the possible breaking of universality for a specific category of TMDs; as an example, we describe the Sivers effect as a fundamental test of our understanding of the color force in QCD. We introduce also the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs), which give us a multidimensional picture of partons inside hadrons in configuration space. We emphasize the nontrivial relation between TMDs and GPDs, which are not one the Fourier transformed of the other. We describe the possibility of using these tools to address the (orbital) angular momentum of partons, and we highlight the latest results on the long standing pr...