Testis and scrotum: cytology of testicular and scrotal masses and male infertility

Enlargement of the male external genitalia implies any one of various events within and around the scrotum, while the testes themselves may or may not be enlarged. The condition occurs in all age groups, is usually associated with pain, as with haematocele after surgical procedures, testicular torsion and similar events and may be accompanied by other local or general symptoms. A number of causes may lead to either unilateral or bilateral scrotal enlargement. Any testicular enlargement, oedema or pain requires a thorough diagnostic work-up to exclude the possibility of carcinoma of the testis.