Factores de riesgo asociados a retraso del crecimiento intrauterino: Risk factors associated with fetal growth restriction

2021 
INTRODUCCION: El crecimiento de un feto se considera restringido si el peso es dos desviaciones estandar menor que el de la media correspondiente a su edad gestacional, esta por debajo del percentil 3 para su misma edad gestacional, o se estanca, es decir, no alcanza el tamano que le corresponde por su potencial biologico. OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con la restriccion del crecimiento intrauterino en recien nacidos vivos. METODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Se revisaron los expedientes clinicos  de madres cuyo producto haya nacido vivo con un peso igual o menor a 2500 gramos en el periodo comprendido de Enero del 2012 a Diciembre del 2013, en el Hospital General Regional N° 6 (HGR#6) del IMSS. El analisis de los datos obtenidos se llevo a cabo mediante regresion lineal, estadistica descriptiva y mediante medidas de tendencia central, para variables continuas, variables categoricas, porcentajes y frecuencias. RESULTADOS: El analisis estadistico realizado demostro una asociacion lineal significativamente fuerte de 94 %  entre las anormalidades placentarias y el RCIU (p=0.000) IC 95%, DE 127.9-425.0. Asi mismo existe asociacion lineal moderada entre la Hipertension arterial cronica y RCIU en un 47% (p= 0.013) IC 95%  DE 25.9-205.5 CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo maternos son los que se asocian con mayor frecuencia a RCIU en recien nacidos vivos del HGR #6 del IMSS.   INTRODUCTION: The growth of a fetus is considered restricted if the weight is two standard deviations less than that of the mean corresponding to its gestational age, is below the 3rd percentile for the same gestational age, or is stagnant, that is, it does not reach the size that corresponds to it due to its biological potential. OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors associated with intrauterine growth restriction in live newborns. METHODS: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The clinical records of mothers whose product was born alive with a weight equal to or less than 2500 grams in the period from January 2012 to December 2013 were reviewed at the Hospital General Regional N ° 6 (HGR # 6) of the IMSS. The analysis of the data obtained was carried out using linear regression, descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency, for continuous variables, categorical variables, percentages and frequencies. RESULTS: The statistical analysis performed showed a strong significant linear association of 94% between placental abnormalities and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (p = 0.000) 95% CI, SD 127.9-425.0. Likewise, there is a moderate linear association between chronic arterial hypertension and IUGR in 47% (p = 0.013) 95% CI SD 25.9-205.5 CONCLUSIONS: Maternal risk factors are those most frequently associated with IUGR in live newborns from HGR # 6 of the IMSS.
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