Observations on the biology of fallow deer (Dama dama) in Epping Forest, Essex, England

Abstract Fallow Deer killed accidentally in Epping Forest in 1965 and 1966 have been examined as part of a general study on the biology of these Deer. In 1965 the Deer were killed throughout the year, whereas in 1966 most were killed in October and November at the rate of about one every three-and-a-half days. Approximately equal numbers of male and female Deer were killed. Many showed evidence of having been involved in accidents prior to the fatal one, and many also exhibited degenerative lesions of unknown aetiology in one or more bones, the incidence appearing to increase with age. Pedicels start developing at between 6 and 12 months of age and antlers between 10 and 15 months. Both male and female deer reach puberty at about 16 months of age and the females first breed at this age. It is not known whether males breed at this age. Food consists mainly of grass together with acorns, apples, chestnuts, wheat, and leaves of Beech, Holly, and Ivy. Bracket Fungi have also been found in the rumen. The pelage of fawns is described.