Formation mechanism and height calculation of the caved zone and water-conducting fracture zone in solid backfill mining

To study the heights of the caved zone and water-conducting fracture zone in backfill mining, the failure mechanism of strata during backfill mining was analyzed, and a method for determining the heights of the two zones was proposed based on key strata theory. The movement and failure regularity of the strata above the backfilling panel were revealed through numerical simulation. Considering the geologic conditions of the CT101 backfilling panel, the height of the fracture zone was determined using the proposed method along with empirical calculation, numerical simulation, and borehole detection. The results of the new calculation method were similar to in situ measurements. The traditional empirical formula, which is based on the equivalent mining height model, resulted in large errors during calculation. The findings indicate the reliability of the new method and demonstrate its significance for creating reference data for related studies.