Use of the CAM-ICU during daily sedation stops in mechanically ventilated patients as assessed and experienced by intensive care nurses – A mixed-methods study

Abstract Background Mechanically ventilated patients are at risk of developing delirium, which increases mortality and prolongs their stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Aim To investigate the assessment of delirium by ICU nurses and their experiences of using the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) in mechanically ventilated patients during daily sedation stops. Methods The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The data (n = 30) were collected by two nurses who assessed the same patient (n = 15) using the tool. Data from the nurses’ assessments were analysed by means of frequency analysis, while the interviews were analysed phenomenographically using Dahlgren and Fallberg’s seven categories. Findings Four pairs of nurses made similar assessments, three pairs had differing assessments and in eight pairs, one of the nurses did not fill in the form properly. The interviews revealed variations in ICU nurses’ preparation for, views on and use of the CAM-ICU. Conclusion Assessment and use of the CAM-ICU revealed variations, indicating the necessity of identifying barriers within the ICU team. ICU nurses need training in the use of the CAM-ICU and support in their decision–making. The individual nurse must take responsibility for updating their knowledge and for following guidelines.