Recent Advances in the Synthesisof Carbohydrate Mimetics

Highly diverse strategies are employed to mimic carbohydrates. Two subgroups of carbohydrate mimetics are very important: alterations of the core structure and modifications of the O-glycosidic linkage. This review presents methods, most of them developed in the 21 st century, to mimic carbohydrates with a focus on their synthesis. A wide range of different reactions are discussed in order to access carbohydrate-like structures. 1 Introduction 1.1 Scope of the Review 2 Core Modifications 2.1 Modifications of Functional Groups 2.1.1 Additional Alkyl Substituents 2.1.2 Fluorine Substituents 2.2 Seven-Membered Rings 3 Linkage Modifications 3.1 N-Glycosides 3.2 S-Glycosides 3.3 C-Glycosides 3.4 Peptoidic Bonds 4 Miscellaneous 5 Conclusion and Outlook.