Quantal Basis of Secretory Granule Biogenesis and Inventory Maintenance: the Surreptitious Nano-machine Behind It

Proteins are molecular machines with the capacity to perform diverse physical work as response to signals from the environment. Proteins may be found as monomers or polymers, two states that represent an important subset of protein interactions and generate considerable functional diversity, leading to regulatory mechanisms closely akin to decision-making in service systems. Polymerization is not unique to proteins. Other cell compartments (e.g. secretory granules) or tissue states ( e.g. miniature end plate potential) are associated with polymerization of some sort, leading to information transport. This data-processing mechanism has similarities with (and led us to the investigation of) granule homotypic polymerization kinetics. Using information theory, we demonstrate the role played by the heterogeneity induced by polymerization: granule size distribution and the stealthy machine behind granule life cycle increase system entropy, which modulates the source/receiver potential that affects communication between the cell and its environment. The granule inventory management by the same nano-machine is discussed.