Recurrence of light chain nephropathy in a renal allograft. A case report and review of the literature.

Myeloma and monoclonal gammopathies can affect the kidney in many ways with cast nephropathy and light chain deposition disease being the most commonly recognised histological entities. Renal transplantation in these patients remains controversial both because of the risk of recurrent disease affecting the graft and also because of concerns around the possibility of disease relapse within the patient. We suggest that the histological pattern of disease within the native kidneys is crucial in the overall assessment of these patients for renal transplantation. Those patients in whom renal deposition of light chains is associated with a proliferative glomerulonephritis have a considerably worse graft survival than those presenting with cast nephropathy.