Disrupting Interactions Between β‐Catenin and Activating TCFs Reconstitutes Ground State Pluripotency in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

The 2i-media, composed of two small molecule inhibitors (PD0325901 and CHIR99021) against MEK and GSK3-kinases respectively, is known to establish naive ground state pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). These inhibitors block MEK-mediated differentiation, while driving β-catenin dependent de-repression of pluripotency promoting targets. However, accumulating evidence suggest that β-catenin's association with activating TCFs (TCF7 and TCF7L2) can induce expression of several lineage-specific pro-differentiation genes. We posited that CHIR-induced upregulation of β-catenin levels could therefore compromise the stability of the naive state in long-term cultures. Here, we investigated whether replacing CHIR with iCRT3, a small molecule that abrogates β-catenin-TCF interaction, can still retain ground state pluripotency in mESCs. Our data suggests that iCRT3+PD mediated co-inhibition of MEK and β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcriptional activity over multiple passages significantly reduces expression of differentiation markers, as compared to 2i. Furthermore, the ability to efficiently contribute towards chimera generation and germline transmission suggests that the inhibition of β-catenin's TCF-dependent transcriptional activity, independent of its protein expression level, retains the naive ground state pluripotency in mESCs. Additionally, growth medium containing iCRT3+PD can provide an alternative to 2i as a stable culture method. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.