Transurethral Resection and Incision of the Prostate, and Open Prostatectomy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Together with open prostatectomy, the most common surgical procedures for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are transurethral (electro-) resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP). Their common root is lithotomy, which was done since the 16th century with instruments inserted into the urethra. Development of the early resectoscope depended on many scientific advances, such as the cystoscope, the incandescent lamp, and the vacuum tube, which made possible the development of an electrosurgical unit for coagulation and cutting of tissue. Modern transurethral resection and incision is based on improved materials and engineering, fiberoptic light sources, rod lens systems, video cameras, and high-tech electrosurgery generators. Open prostatectomy also improved with the developments of modern surgery such as anesthesia, blood transfusion, and antibiotics. To date, common techniques are using the perineal, retropubic, and suprapubic transvesical approach.