BDS PPP Ambiguity Resolution and Its Application on Time and Frequency Transfer

Time and frequency transfer using precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity resolution is the hot topic in the time community. The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) applies the GPS observations and phase clock products of the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) to implement time and frequency transfer based on GPS PPP ambiguity resolution. In this contribution, we apply the BDS observations and phase bias products of the CNES to study the contribution of BDS PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR hereafter) on time and frequency transfer. At first, the quality of phase bias product and the performance of ambiguity resolution are assessed. Then, four time links are formed in the common clock experiment and the remote time transfer experiment. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the results using PPP technique, the standard deviation (STD) values of PPP-AR time transfer are decreased by 15.6–26.9%. The modified Allan deviations (MDEV) of the PPP-AR results at the most averaging times are smaller than those of the PPP. In the common-clock experiment, the MDEV values of the PPP-AR results at 38400 and 76800 s averaging time are decreased by 16.8% and 42.9%, respectively.