Problems of interaction of geospheres and physical fields in near-surface geophysics

The main directions and problems addressed by near-surface geophysics – the new currently actively developing scientific discipline – are formulated and discussed. A combined approach is proposed for exploring the geospheres’ interactions at the Earth’s crust – atmosphere boundary where mass- and energy exchange between the internal and external geospheres is most intense and for studying the interactions and transformations of the geophysical fields in the surface zone of the Earth including its biosphere. New results obtained in the studies of inter-geosphere interactions and physical fields of the Earth are presented. It is emphasized that establishing the geophysical conditions of human environment and characteristics of manmade activity is of great importance.