Synthesis of Novel fuel additives

Powders are typically magnesium oxide or hydroxide. Particle sizes range from a couple of microns up to tens of microns. The concentration of magnesium in powders is the highest of any magnesium products with magnesium oxide being 60% magnesium. Powders are very inexpensive. Handling problems make powders less than desirable to use. The inclusion of any moisture in a powder will cause clumping. For this reason it is necessary to keep sacks of powders dry. Powders are often added to the back end of a boiler between the superheater and the economizer. They cannot be added to the fuel since they are insoluble and would separate from fuel if the fuel were not kept in motion. Methods: Preparation of magnesium carboxylates by added of sodium hydroxide to the carboxylic acids than added magnesium chloride. Preparation of magnesium sulphonate. Preparation of magnesium complexes as oil additives. Results: The oil molecules dissolve the magnesium carboxylate when the polarity of magnesium carboxylate became less. Two factors determine the solubility of carboxylate salts in oil. One is the nature of the carboxylate ion, i.e. its length, shape, amount of branching and so on. The larger and less polar this group is, the more soluble it is in oil. Solubility of five-carbon-atom in water is not appropriate for carboxylate ions. The reason is that the carboxylate functional group is not merely polar, it is ionic. This allows for stronger ion-dipole bonds to be formed with the water molecules and pull longer carbon chains into solutions. Soaps, for example, generally have from twelve to eighteen carbon atoms in the carbon chain. The other factor is the positive ion. Ammonium, potassium and sodium salts are generally soluble in water. Magnesium and calcium salts are generally less soluble. Many others are generally insoluble. For example, a soap containing sodium ion will dissolve in water. Conclusion: The metal content of the emulsion additives can be increased by increasing the water content with respect of the total volume. Generally it can be shown that a wide variety of additive formulations have been presented with varying degree of solubility and metal content, the choice among them can be judged depending on the user requirements. Suggestions: Due to the unavailability of the technique required to study the effectiveness of the prepared magnesium complexes, it is of great importance to test their effectiveness as corrosion inhibitors using small oil burning unit. In order to have higher metal content by using metal oxide or salts, a particle size reduction technique has to be used to get a nanoparticale size of these compound to obtain miscible oil mixture. (Researcher. 2010;2(5):5-13). (ISSN: 1553-9865).