Influence of elevated liver fat on circulating adipocytokines and insulin resistance in obese Hispanic adolescents

Summary Objective: We performed this study to examine the metabolic differences arising from higher liver fat accumulation in obese Hispanic adolescents, with a particular focus on circulating levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. Methods: Forty-one obese Hispanic adolescents (15.3 1.0 years, body mass index percentile: 97.0 3.9) were assessed for: visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) by magnetic resonance imaging; fasting measures of serum glucose, insulin and adipocytokines; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); and insulin sensitivity (SI) and the acute insulin response to glucose (AIR) by intravenous glucose tolerance test. Subjects with normal levels of HFF (below 5%; n = 25) were compared to those with HFF > 5% (n = 16). Results: The two groups differing in HFF were similar for total body fat, VAT and SAT. The group with HFF > 5% had significantly (P < 0.05) higher interleukin-8 (IL-8) (6.1 1.6 vs. 3.2 0.4 pg mL -1 ), NGF (30.2 9.9 vs. 13.9 1.6 pg mL -1 ), HOMA-IR (8.8 1.1 vs. 5.5 0.5), AIR (1869 206 vs. 1092 165) and a tendency for lower SI (1.2 0.4 vs. 2.1 0.3; P = 0.06), with no significant differences in any of other factors measured. Conclusions: These data suggest that elevated liver fat is most closely associated with elevated serum IL-8 and NGF levels as well as increased AIR and HOMA-IR. These elevated factors may play significant roles in the metabolic abnormalities associated with elevated liver fat in obese Hispanics.