Adjuvant intraoperative radiotherapy for selected breast cancers in previously irradiated women: Evidence for excellent feasibility and favorable outcomes

Abstract Background The present report provides preliminary outcomes with intraoperative radiotherapy delivered to women with breast cancer included in a re-irradiation program. Materials and methods From October 2010 to April 2014, thirty women were included in a re-irradiation protocol by exploiting IORT technique. The median time between the two irradiations was 10 years (range 3–50). All patients underwent conservative surgery, sentinel lymph node excision and IORT with electron beam delivered by a mobile linear accelerator. Primary endpoint was esthetic result and consequential/late toxicity; secondary endpoints were local control (LC), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results With a median follow up of 47 months (range 10–78), we analyzed 29 patients (1 lost at follow up). Twenty-seven patients (90%) had presented breast cancer local relapse or a new primary cancer in the same breast after a previous conservative surgery plus radiation treatment; three patients (10%) had previously received irradiation with mantle field for Hodgkin Lymphoma. Esthetic result was excellent in 3 pts (10%), good in 12 pts (41%), fair in 8 pts (28%) and poor in 6 pts (21%). 12 (41%) patients showed subcutaneous fibrosis at the last follow-up. LC, DFS and OS at five years was 92.3%, 86.3% and 91.2%, respectively. Conclusion Although we analyzed a small number of patients, our results are satisfactory and this approach is feasible even if it could not be considered the standard treatment. Further clinical trials exploring IORT are needed to identify possible subgroups of patients that might be suitable for this type of approach.