Meson excitation at finite chemical potential

We consider a probe stable meson in the holographic quark–gluon plasma at zero temperature and chemical potential. Due to the energy injection into the plasma, the temperature and chemical potential are increased to arbitrary finite values in such a way that the plasma experiences an out-of-equilibrium process. We then observe that the meson is excited, i.e. the expectation value of Wilson loop oscillates around its static value with a specific angular frequency. By defining excitation time $$t_{ex}$$ as a time at which the meson falls into the final excited state, we study the effect of various parameters of theory on the excitation time and observe that for larger values of final temperature and chemical potential the excitation time increases. Furthermore, our outcomes show that the more stable mesons, meaning that the meson with lower static potential, are excited sooner.