Cdx homeodomain proteins in vertebral patterning

Publisher Summary Cdx (caudal) family members encode homeodomain transcription factors. The name caudal derives from the essential function of the gene product in the development of the posterior Drosophila embryo, a role that appears generally conserved across species. In vertebrates, Cdx proteins perform essential functions in the trophoblast, intestinal development, posterior specification and vertebral patterning. This chapter focuses on the function of murine Cdx homologues, a number of relevant findings have been established initially from other systems, and are discussed. The vertebrate Cdx genes are emerging as key players in a number of ontogenic processes, including A–P vertebral patterning, posterior specification, trophoblast function and intestinal differentiation. Although Hox genes are emerging as direct Cdx targets as pertains to axial patterning, the molecular basis for Cdx function in the trophoblast, intestine and posterior embryo are presently unknown. A large void also exists as regards to the understanding of the means by which Cdx proteins affect transcription.