Blackwater Fever (BWF): About a Case in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital University Centre Souro-Sanou in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Intravascular hemolysis, particularly blackwater fever is a rare but severe clinical syndrome, occurring after ingestion of antimalarials. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms and on the color of the urines. A resurgence of this affection which occurred frequently during the colonization has lately been noticed. We report a case of blackwater fever complicated with severe renal failure and severe acute hemolysis having evolved favorably with modest resuscitation means. A 16 year teenager from Burkina Faso, who regularly takes quinine to treat malaria presumptive access, presented the waning of an undocumented malaria, fever, consciousness disorders, anemia, jaundice and blackish urine. The thick drop, blood cultures and urine cultures were negative. Biology revealed leukocytosis 14,000/mm 3 , anemia in 6.5 g/dL, total bilirubin 80 μmol/L and kidney failure at 13 mmol/L of azotemia and 700 μmol/L creatinine. The evolution was favorable after a modest resuscitation. Blackwater fever still exists in our daily practice. We need to think about in front of sudden onset of hemolysis and acute renal failure with dark-red colored urine during treatment of malaria. We are facing an issue thus a rational use of antimalarials is necessary.