Ultrastructure of Sperm Development and Mature Sperm Morphology in Spondylus calcifer and S. Princeps (Bivalvia: Spondylidae)

The entire spermatogenesis process and the presence of accessory cells in sperm development in Spondylus princeps Broderip, 1833, and S. calcifer Carpenter, 1857, were described for the first time. Spermatogenesis in both species showed similar anatomical and ultrastructural features. The testis contained amoeboid somatic cells inside the acini, frequently associated with developing gametes. Overall, spermatogenesis followed the typical pattern reported for other bivalve species, except for a few specific details. In S. princeps, intercellular bridges between spermatogonia, as well as one spermatocyte with seven mitochondria were observed. Both species had mature sperm of the ect-aquasperm type, consisting of a head, which contains a spherical-pyriform nucleus and a conical acrosome bounded by two regions of different density, four spherical mitochondria and two centrioles in the middle piece; the flagellum showed a standard 9 2 microtubule arrangement.