Optimization of immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cells in paraffin sections of breast carcinoma using antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the Ki-67 antigen.

: Antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the MIB-1 antibody to the Ki-67 antigen were titrated to optimize identification of proliferating cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from a series of 40 human breast carcinomas. Cell culture studies have previously demonstrated that immunostaining for both PCNA and the Ki-67 antigen produces strong granular nuclear staining during S phase. PC10, other anti-PCNA antibodies (PC2, PC5, PC8 and 19F4) and MIB-1 were used at the minimum dilution which allowed a clear distinction between cells with strong and weak staining. With the anti-PCNA antibodies, nickel-cobalt enhancement of the reaction product was found to augment the granular nature of nuclear staining, corresponding more closely to patterns observed in cell culture studies. No enhancement was found to be necessary for MIB-1. The labelling indices of all these antibodies were compared with S phase fraction (SPF) obtained by DNA flow cytometry in the same cases. The PC10 labelling indices which included only strongly stained cells correlated well with SPF, but counting all strongly and weakly stained cells showed a poor correlation. With MIB-1, counting strongly stained as well as all stained cells produced labelling indices which correlated well with SPF, the former tending to be lower and the latter higher. None of the other anti-PCNA antibodies showed any advantage in application over PC10. Thus, PC10 and MIB-1, applied with care, can be correlated with S phase fraction in paraffin processed tissue sections of breast carcinomas.