CLIPPERS Syndrome: An Entity to be Faced in Neurosurgery

Background Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system; it has only recently been defined and to date has received only limited attention. Its cause is as yet unknown. The pathologic characteristics are infiltration of T lymphocytes into the perivascular spaces of the pons, responsiveness to immunotherapy, and gadolinium-enhancing punctiform lesions in the brainstem seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Case Description We report here on the clinical, MRI, and brain biopsy findings in a 68-year-old man who presented with dysphagia, numbness and paresthesia on the right side of his face, as well as progressive gait ataxia. Brain and spinal MRI showed lesions in the pons and in the cervical spinal cord. The pontine lesion became progressively larger extending to the middle cerebellar peduncle and a tumor was suspected. After repeated biopsy, the histopathologic diagnosis confirmed CLIPPERS. Conclusions CLIPPERS syndrome may become manifest with a progressive tumor-like pontine lesion. This report adds clinical and radiologic aspects to the limited number of CLIPPERS cases reported to date, and underlines the importance of considering CLIPPERS in the differential diagnosis of tumor-like pontine processes.