Association of cognitive impairment with sleep quality, depression and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of cognitive impairment with sleep quality, depression, and cardiometabolic risk factors among participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Subjects underwent clinical interview to capture socio-demographic details, medical history, sleep quality, presence of depression, along with anthropometric and biochemical measurements. A detailed neuropsychological assessment [Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), Trail making A and B, Digit span, Spatial span, Letter Number Sequencing] was done. Cognitive impairment was defined as MoCA score of Results Participants (n = 250, 50% women, 63.6% middle-age) had a mean (±SD) age of 53.6 (±9.1) years and HbA1c of 55.1 ± 6.8 mmol/mol (7.2 ± 0.6%). Cognitive impairment was present in 57 (22.8%) participants. In the middle-age subgroup, cognitive impairment was higher (23.9%) than those in the fourth decade (6.3%), but comparable (24.0%) to the older age (60–70 years) individuals. Diabetes-related vascular complications [Odds ratio (95% CI) 2.03 (1.05, 3.94)]; hypertension [2.00 (1.04, 3.84)], depression [2.37 (1.24, 4.55)] and lower education [2.73 (1.42, 5.23)] had a significant association with cognitive impairment on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion The high burden of cognitive impairment calls for an urgent need to establish longitudinal cohorts in midlife to understand this population's cognitive trajectories and see the influence of various bio-psychosocial variables.