Reactive distillation method for preparing methyl chloroacetate

The invention relates to a new method for preparing methyl chloroacetate. The method is characterized in that chloroacetic acid and methanol are used as raw materials, a reactive distillation tower is adopted, and a pyridine trifluoromethanesulfonic acid polymeric ion liquid catalyst is used as mixed filler in a reaction section to perform gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction. The reaction can be finished by adopting a one-section reactive distillation reactor, a water carrying agent does not need to be added in the process, the reaction temperature is low, the flow is simple, the investment cost is reduced, the energy consumption is low, the conversion rate is more than 99.5%, and the selectivity is 100%.