Context-dependent impact of presuppositions on early magnetic brain responses during speech perception

Abstract Discourse structure enables us to generate expectations based upon linguistic material that has already been introduced. The present magnetoencephalography (MEG) study addresses auditory perception of test sentences in which discourse coherence was manipulated by using presuppositions (PSP) that either correspond or fail to correspond to items in preceding context sentences with respect to uniqueness and existence. Context violations yielded delayed auditory M50 and enhanced auditory M200 cross-correlation responses to syllable onsets within an analysis window of 1.5 s following the PSP trigger words. Furthermore, discourse incoherence yielded suppression of spectral power within an expanded alpha band ranging from 6 to 16 Hz. This effect showed a bimodal temporal distribution, being significant in an early time window of 0.0–0.5 s following the PSP trigger and a late interval of 2.0–2.5 s. These findings indicate anticipatory top-down mechanisms interacting with various aspects of bottom-up processing during speech perception.