β-d-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil: A novel modified base present in the DNA of the parasitic protozoan T. brucei

Abstract We have previously shown that the DNA of the unicellular eukaryote T. brucel contains about 0.1% of a novel modified base, called J. The presence of J correlates with a DNA modification associated with the silencing of telomeric expression sites for the variant surface antigens of trypanosomes. Here we show that J is 5-((β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-methyl)-uracil (shortened to β-d-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a base not previously found in DNA. We discuss putative pathways for the introduction of this base modification at specific positions in the DNA and the possible contribution of this modification to repression of surface antigen gene expression.