n eu r o m u s cu lar Elect r ical St im u lat io n fo r Skelet al Mu s cle Fu n ct io n

Lack of neur al inner vation due to neur ological damage r ender s muscle unable to pr oduce for ce. Use of electr ical stimulation is a medium in which investigator s have tr ied to find a way to r estor e movement and the ability to per for m activities of daily living. Differ ent methods of applying electr ical cur r ent to modify neur omuscular activity ar e electr ical stimulation (ES† ), neur omuscular electr ical stimulation (NMES), tr anscutaneous electr ical ner ve stimulation (TENS), and functional electr ical stimulation (FES). This r eview cover s the aspects of elec tr ical stimulation used for r ehabilitation and functional pur poses. Discussed ar e the var ious par ameter s of electr ical stimulation, including fr equency, pulse width/dur ation, duty cycle, in tensity/amplitude, r amp time, pulse patter n, pr ogr am dur ation, pr ogr am fr equency, and mus cle gr oup activated, and how they affect fatigue in the stimulated muscle. in t r o du ct io n