Metagenomics: A computational approach in emergence of novel applications

Abstract Metagenomics is a one of the fastest developing fields of research nowadays. It is a molecular tool used to study the genetic material obtained from environmental samples without culturing. Through culture-independent genomic sequencing, the metagenomics approach offers an exceptional analysis of the various microbial worlds in different environments, such as soil, air, ocean, and other water bodies, human and animal body sites, and many others. In the study of sequencing, metagenomics allows researcher to determine directly the collection of genes which are present in an environmental sample that are totally unknown organisms. It has been difficult to identify them, but now they can be analyzed by conducting biochemical tests and focusing on how they interact in the environment. Metagenomics data are growing at a fast pace so we need new infrastructure, methods, and technology so that this huge data can be analyzed and predicted; overcoming this problem with a computational approach can be a boon. A large volume of data could be managed by using a computational environment. This method collects, processes, and extracts useful biological information from samples and complex datasets, but genomics sequences need the integration of these computational methods. This chapter aims to focus on the detailed study of novel computational approach in metagenomics data analysis and the wide applications of sequencing methods.