Genetic and Environmental Interaction for Small Ruminant Development to Improve the Economic Value

Small ruminants contribute very significantly to farmers' income in Indonesia. The productivity of small ruminants is affected by breed or genotype and by the environment. This paper discussed the effects of genetic factors and their interaction on the economic value of goat and sheep production. Research results have shown that livestock productivity is influenced by the management system (intensive and semi-intensive) as well as by season of birth. Level of infestation by internal parasites varies according to breed, sex, a group of birth and type of birth, and rearing. Generally, worm infestation in small ruminants fed on native pasture in the rainy season is higher than in the dry season. Choosing livestock suitable and adaptable with the environment is a recommended strategy to optimize livestock productivity, hence, increase farmers’ income and welfare.