Understanding the Resilience of Health Systems

Globally, displacement is now at the highest level ever recorded with 68.5 million people being forcibly displaced due to violence, political instability or poor economic conditions. Migration towards neighbouring countries or more distant high-income settings in Europe is creating new challenges for national health systems. This chapter explores health systems resilience, i.e. the capacity of health systems to adapt and transform themselves in response to challenges. We offer reflections and a new conceptual framework on resilience based on systems thinking and complexity theories. This chapter also offers examples of migration-related challenges and resilience responses in health systems and policies in order to illustrate the utility and relevance of the developed conceptual framework for European and neighbouring health systems faced by population flows and conflict. Finally, we make recommendations for a new research agenda.