RUPTURA AMOROSA Y DISTRéS PSICOLÓGICO: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA

La disolucion de una relacion amorosa es un fenomeno que, a pesar de su cotidianeidad, ha recibido escasa atencion dentro de la psicologia basada en la evidencia, por lo que el presente trabajo propone una revision sistematica sobre el constructo desde una perspectiva empirica. A traves de la consulta con distintas bases de datos se puede observar que, en general, la ruptura amorosa se relaciona con la insatisfaccion personal y el distres psicologico y, en particular, con distintos sintomas emocionales (inestabilidad, enojo, tristeza, ansiedad), cognitivos (pensamientos intrusivos) e inmunologicos (disfuncion en el sistema inmune). Tambien se la ha vinculado a patologias como el Sindrome del Corazon Roto y la Depresion. A su vez, se ha encontrado que variables ligadas a la personalidad (apego ansioso, baja autoestima) y a la relacion (mayores recursos personales invertidos en la relacion, no ser responsable de la ruptura) indican un mayor riesgo de distres psicologico en sus multiples manifestaciones. Se destaca, por ultimo, que esta revision conforma el paso previo a un estudio exploratorio del problema en poblacion local. Palabras clave Ruptura amorosa, Distres psicologico, Revision bibliografica ABSTRACT ROMANTIC BREKAUP AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: A SYSTEMATIC REVISION Romantic breakup is a phenomenon that, despite its ordinariness, has received little attention in evidence-based psychology, so this paper proposes a systematic review of the construct from an empirical point of view. Through queries with various databases it can be seen that in general, the breakup is related to personal dissatisfaction and psychological distress and, in particular, with different emotional (instability, anger, sadness, anxiety) cognitive (intrusive thoughts) and immune (immune system dysfunction) symptoms. It has also linked to diseases such as Broken Heart Syndrome and Depression. In turn, it has been found that variables related to personality (anxious attachment, low self-esteem) and relationship itself (greater personal efforts invested in relationship and not be responsible for the breakdown) indicate an increased risk of psychological distress in its many forms. It remarks, finally, that this revision involves a prior step to an exploratory study of breakup on local population. Key words Romantic breakup, Psychological distress, Literature revision