L’hydrogène dans la transition énergétique. Trois facteurs clés : la production, les applications à la mobilité et l’acceptation par le public

76 REE N°2/2015 L'HYDROGENE DOSSIER 1 L’hydrogene dans la transition energetique Trois facteurs cles : la production, les applications a la mobilite et l’acceptation par le public Par Jean-Guy Devezeaux1 , Christine Mansilla2 , Elisabeth Le Net3 , Alain Le Duigou4 docteur d’Etat en sciences economiques, directeur de l’I-tese1 , docteur en sciences de l’ingenieur2 docteur en economie3 , docteur ingenieur en genie mecanique4 Most hydrogen is currently produced and consumed for the synthesis of ammonia and oil refining. In addition, the use of hydrogen as energy vector for mobile and stationary applications may represent a huge potential market in the next few decades. Prototype installations are at work to contribute to the electric system management and hundreds of experimental hydrogen vehicles are on the roads. Many research programs focus on the direct use of hydrogen in transporta- tion, as a fuel for fuel cells or a mixture with natural gas, production of biofuels and synthetic fuels, or for electricity storage. The energy transition will last till 2050 and beyond. Until then, very significant progress will be made. The CEA diagnosed that the first sig